文件格式列表
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下面是计算机中常见的文件格式列表。用于识别一个文件格式的尾缀称为文件扩展名。
- 音频文件格式
- 无损格式
- 有损格式
- MP2 (Mpeg Audio Layer 2)
- MP3 (Mpeg Audio Layer 3,最流行的音乐文件)
- RA(由Real Player支持的高压缩比声音文件,广泛用于网络实时传播)
- Speex (Ogg project, specialized for voice, low bitrates)
- Vorbis (Ogg project, free and similar in principle to MP3)
- WMA(Windows Media Rights Manager,此格式可以采用加密算法以保护唱片的版权,可以使用Windows Media Player播放)
- AAC (.m4a, .mp4, .m4p, .aac) - Advanced Audio Coding 加入了版权保护功能 (usually in an MPEG4 container)
- MPC
- Music formats OR 音乐记录格式
- MID/MIDI(MIDI 声音文件)
- NSF (bytecode program to play NES music)
- MOD (Soundtracker and Protracker sample and melody modules)
- S3M (ScreamTracker 3 module, with a few more effects and a dedicated volume column)
- XM (FastTracker module, adding instrument envelopes)
- IT (Impulse Tracker module, adding compressed samples, note-release actions, and more effects including a resonant filter)
- 文档格式 - 它们主要用于存储文本
- ASCII (.txt)(无格式文本文件)
- Amigaguide
- HTML (.html, .htm)
- CHM(已编译的 HTML 文件)
- HLP(帮助文件)
- INF(Windows的安装配置信息文件)
- Radix-64
- RTF (a textual encoding of the data in a Word DOC; many programs' Word export filters actually write RTF as RTF is much easier to generate reliably)
- TeX
- Troff
- DOC(MSWord,WordPerfect,WordStar,XYWrite文档)
- PPT(PowerPoint演示文稿)
- RTF(Rich Text 格式 ,标准格式文档,可插入图形.)
- WPS(WPS文档)
- Raster image or 图形文件格式
- BMP(Windows 位图文件)
- CUR(光标文件)
- DIB(跨平台位图文件)
- GIF (often avoided because of patent problems)
- ICO(Windows 图标)
- MSP (微软公司画图程序早期版本中使用的图像文件格式,在Windows3.0之后改为bmp)
- IFF-ILBM (.ilbm .lbm .iff)
- JNG (single-frame MNG with JPEG data and possibly an alpha channel)
- JPEG JFIF (.jpg or .jpeg) (高效率的有损图像压缩格式,只有24位色,广泛用于网络图像传输)
- PCX
- PNG(Portable Network Graphics 可支持48位色,采用无损压缩,可高速交替显示,是GIF的升级替代)
- PPM
- PSD
- TGA
- TIFF (.tif or .tiff) (通常不会失真，但亦有支持失真的分支)
- 矢量图片格式
- Page description languages
- DVI
- PCL
- PDF(Adobe Acrobat Portable 文档,电子书籍的最佳文档)
- PostScript (.ps, .ps.gz)
- 网页程式
- Tabulated data
- tab
- csv (逗号分隔)
- dif (accessible by many spreadsheet applications)
- 压缩文件格式
- ACE(一种新式的压缩程序,压缩比很高,一些D版游戏是用他做的)
- arj(DOS时代最流行的压缩软件）
- bzip2 (.bz2)
- CAB(Cab 压缩文件,微软Windows9x以后几乎所有的安装软件都是用他做的,Cab有专用的压缩程序Cabman,也可用微软自带的Extract解压缩)
- GZ(Unix/Linux用gzip做的压缩文件,Winzip可解压)
- BZ2(Unix/Linux用bzip2做的压缩文件，压缩比非常高，正在越来越多地被使用)
- HQX(Mac机上的打包压缩文件)
- IMG(HD-Copy磁盘映象文件)
- LHA (.lzh)
- lzo
- lzx
- ZIP/Z(Zip 压缩文件,最流行的压缩软件格式)
- RAR（RAR 压缩文件,压缩率比ZIP要高）
- TAR(Unix 备份程序,在类Unix系统上使用极广)
- .tar.gz (使用gzip压缩过的tar文件)
- zoo
- 视频文件格式
- AAF (mostly intended to hold edit decisions and rendering information, but can also contain compressed media essence)
- ANI(Windows动画光标)
- Animated GIF (simple animation; often avoided because of patent problems)
- ASF(Microsoft Net Show文件流式音频/视频文件)
- AVI(Microsoft-VIDEO 的标准动态影像,windows的标准视频,压缩比不高)
- DAT(vcd文件,pal制式，大小为352X288)
- Macromedia Flash (.swf) (complex vector-based animation with sound and interactivity)
- Matroska (*.mkv) (Matroska is a shell, which enables any form of compression to be used; MPEG-4 is common)
- MNG (mainly simple animation containing PNG and JPEG objects, often somewhat more complex than animated GIF)
- MOV/QT/QTX(苹果公司的有损视频文件,但压缩比极大,quicktime可以播放)
- MPEG(采用Mpeg 运动压缩算法的视频格式,VCD,SVCD,DVD均采用此算法,平均压缩比为50:1)
- MXF
- SWF(Flash动画)
- Tarkin (Ogg project)
- Theora (Ogg project)
- OGM (OGM is a shell, which enables any form of compression to be used; MPEG-4 is common)
- QuickTime (QuickTime is a shell, which enables any form of compression to be used; Sorenson codec is common)
- RealMedia
- 其他文件
- GIS文件格式
- DEM (USGS) (US Geo Survey terrestrial elevation data)
- Disk images (a file system used as a random-access archive file inside another file system; extensions include .img and .iso)
- Native data (registered objective parametrs .dat .cop .par)
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参见
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